Table of Cases
A
- A v Secretary, Family and Community Services [2015] NSWDC 307 [40-000]
- Accident Insurance Mutual Holdings Ltd v McFadden (1993) 31 NSWLR 412 [44-100]
- Adamopoulos v Olympic Airways SA (1991) 25 NSWLR 75 [14-040]
- Afiouny v R [2017] NSWCCA 23 [18-100]
- Ahmad v DPP [2017] NSWSC 90 [20-400]
- Alistair; Re [2006] NSWSC 411 [40-060]
- Allerton v DPP (NSW) (1991) 24 NSWLR 550 [56-060]
- Amalgamated Television Services Pty Ltd v Marsden [2001] NSWCA 32 [16-000]
- Annetts v McCann (1990) 170 CLR 596 [44-100]
- Application by the AG under s 37 of the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act for a Guideline Judgment Concerning the Offence of High Range Prescribed Concentration of Alcohol under s 9(4) of the Road Transport (Safety and Traffic Management) Act 1999 (No 3 of 2002) (2004) 61 NSWLR 305 [2-000]
- Axon v Axon (1937) 59 CLR 395 [44-100]
B
- B v Gould (1993) 67 A Crim R 297 [28-140]
- Baglin v JG [2014] NSWSC 902 [58-080]
- Bannister v New Zealand (1999) 86 FCR 417 [46-160]
- Bates v McDonald (1985) 2 NSWLR 89 [46-160]
- Bauskis, In the matter of [2006] NSWSC 908 [48-020]
- Beale v Government Insurance Office of NSW (1997) 48 NSWLR 430 [4-060]
- Belkheir v DPP [2023] NSWSC 1233 [20-080], [20-100]
- Bell-Collins Children v Secretary, DFaCS [2015] NSWSC 701 [40-040]
- Bellanto, Ex p; Re Prior [1963] NSWR 1556 [48-040]
- Benji and Perry; Re [2018] NSWSC 1750 [40-000]
- Bertran v Vanstone [1999] FCA 1117 [46-120]
- Black v R (2022) 107 NSWLR 225 [28-040], [28-160]
- Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336 [40-040], [44-100]
- Brock v United States of America [2007] FCAFC 3 [46-140]
- BUSB v R (2011) 80 NSWLR 170 [28-080]
C
- C v DPP [1996] AC 1 [38-020]
- Cabal v A-G (Cth) (2001) 113 FCR 154 [46-120]
- Cabal v United Mexican States [2001] FCA 583 [46-120]
- Caltex Refining Co Pty Ltd v Maritime Services Board (NSW) (1995) 36 NSWLR 552 [56-040]
- Campbell; In the matter of [2011] NSWSC 761 [40-080], [40-160]
- Campbell v R [2018] NSWCCA 87 [38-000], [38-080]
- Canceri v Taylor (1994) 123 ALR 667 [56-040]
- Clark v R [2008] NSWCCA 122 [8-110]
- CO v DPP [2020] NSWSC 1123 [38-100]
- Cohen v Blair [2000] NSWSC 1076 [32-080]
- Coleman v Power (2004) 220 CLR 1 [48-000]
- Coles v DPP [2022] NSWSC 960 [28-160]
- Commissioner of Police v Attorney General for NSW [2022] NSWSC 595 [44-100]
- Commissioner of Police v Deputy State Coroner [2021] NSWSC 398 [44-100]
- Commissioner of Police v Walker [2023] NSWSC 539 [28-080]
- Commissioner of Taxation v Baffsky [2001] NSWCCA 332 [18-180]
- Commissioner of Taxation (Cth) v MacPherson [2000] 1 Qd R 496 [18-300]
- Council of NSW Bar Association v Rollinson (No 2) [2023] NSWSC 1390 [48-140]
- Coward v Stapleton (1953) 90 CLR 573 [48-080]
- Crampton v The Queen (2000) 206 CLR 161 [4-040]
- Cucu v District Court (NSW) (1994) 73 A Crim R 240 [14-000], [14-040]
D
- D v C (No 2) [2018] NSWCA 310 [40-040]
- Daley v Brown [2014] NSWSC 144 [58-000]
- Darlington v DPP [2023] NSWSC 1139 [4-060], [52-040]
- Decker v State Coroner of NSW (1999) 46 NSWLR 415 [44-100]
- Department of Human Services v Kieran; Siobhan; Robert Isaac [2010] CLN 1 [40-040]
- DFaCS (NSW) and the Colt Children [2013] NSWChC 5 [40-000]
- DFaCS and Boyd [2013] NSWChC 9 [40-080]
- DFaCS v The Steward Children [2019] NSWChC 1 [40-080]
- Department of Community Services v SM (2008) 6 DCLR (NSW) 384 [40-120]
- Director General of Department of Community Services; Re “Sophie” [2008] NSWCA 250 [40-040]
- Director General, DFaCS v Robinson-Peters [2012] NSWChC 3 [40-120]
- Domaszewicz v The State Coroner (2004) 11 VR 237 [44-120]
- Dong v Hughes [2005] NSWSC 84 [56-020], [56-040]
- Doogan, Re; Ex p Lucas-Smith (2005) 158 ACTR 1 [44-020], [44-100], [44-180]
- Douar v R [2005] NSWCCA 455 [16-340]
- Dowling v Prothonotary of Supreme Court of NSW (2018) 99 NSWLR 229 [48-140]
- Downes v DPP [2000] NSWSC 1054 [4-060]
- DPP v Al-Zuhairi (2018) 98 NSWLR 158 [8-060]
- DPP v Arab [2009] NSWCA 75 [52-020]
- DPP v Brown [2005] NSWSC 870 [36-100]
- DPP v Cassaniti [2006] NSWSC 1103 [52-120]
- DPP v Cozzi (2005) 12 VR 211 [20-300]
- DPP v Day [2022] NSWCCA 173 [20-300]
- DPP v Duncan [2022] NSWSC 927 [20-300]
- DPP v El Mawas (2006) 66 NSWLR 93 [30-000], [30-060]
- DPP v Elskaf [2012] NSWSC 21 [16-020]
- DPP v Evans [2017] NSWSC 33 [4-060]
- DPP v Farley (unrep, 17/9/96, WASC) [36-100]
- DPP v Garner (unrep, 26/4/99, VCC) [36-100]
- DPP v Gatu [2014] NSWSC 192 [4-040]
- DPP v Howard (2005) 64 NSWLR 139 [56-060]
- DPP v Illawarra Cashmart Pty Ltd (2006) 67 NSWLR 402 [4-060]
- DPP v King (2000) 49 NSWLR 727 [36-020], [36-100]
- DPP v Kirby [2017] NSWSC 1754 [16-020]
- DPP v Losurdo (1998) 44 NSWLR 618 [28-140]
- DPP v Merhi [2019] NSWSC 1068 [4-020], [4-060]
- DPP v Nagler [2018] NSWSC 416 [8-040], [8-080]
- DPP v Neamati [2007] NSWSC 746 [18-220]
- DPP v O’Conner [2006] NSWSC 458 [28-140]
- DPP v Peckham [2022] NSWSC 713 [4-040]
- DPP v Rainibogi [2003] NSWSC 274 [28-140]
- DPP v Saunders [2017] NSWSC 760 [30-060]
- DPP v Soliman [2013] NSWSC 346 [30-060]
- DPP v Tikomaimaleya [2015] NSWCA 83 [20-300]
- DPP v Tiller [2023] NSWSC 187 [4-060]
- DPP v Tilley [2016] NSWSC 984 [4-060]
- DPP v Van Gestel (2022) 109 NSWLR 136 [20-300]
- DPP v Wallman [2017] NSWSC 40 [30-120], [30-140]
- DPP v Wililo [2012] NSWSC 713 [4-000], [4-020], [4-040], [4-060]
- DPP v Yeo [2008] NSWSC 953 [4-040]
- DPP v Zaiter [2016] NSWCCA 247 [20-300]
- DPP (Cth) v El Karhani (1990) 21 NSWLR 370 [18-080]
- DPP (Cth) v Kainhofer (1995) 185 CLR 528 [46-120], [46-140]
- DPP (Cth) v Keating (2013) 248 CLR 459 [18-220]
- DPP (Cth) v Mahamat-Abdelgader [2017] NSWSC 1102 [18-140]
- DPP (Cth) v Rahardja [2003] NSWLC 11 [46-120]
- Duncan v Ipp [2013] NSWCA 189 [4-040]
- Dutton v O’Shane [2003] FCAFC 195 [46-120]
F
- Faltas v McDermid (unrep, 30/7/93, NSWSC) [28-140]
- FACS v Dimitri [2012] NSWChC 12 [40-100]
- FB v R [2011] NSWCCA 217 [4-040]
- Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Hagidimitriou (1985) 16 ATR 839 [18-180]
- Federal Republic of Germany v Haddad (1990) 21 FCR 496 [46-140]
- Ferguson v Walkley (2008) 180 A Crim R 294 [48-000]
- Foley v Molan (unrep, 20/8/93, NSWSC) [28-140]
- Fosse v DPP (1989) 16 NSWLR 540 [56-120]
- Fosse v DPP [1999] NSWSC 367 [56-040]
- Foster carer v DFaCS (No 2); Re: A [2018] NSWDC 71 [40-120]
- Franks v Franks [2012] NSWCA 209 [22-120]
G
- Garay v The Queen (No 3) [2023] ACTCA 2 [4-060]
- George v Rockett (1990) 170 CLR 104 [58-020]
- GG v R (2010) 79 NSWLR 194 [5-000]
- Gorczynski v Holden [2008] NSWSC 334 [32-040]
- Gray v R [2018] NSWCCA 39 SPO
- Griffith v United States of America (2005) 143 FCR 182 [46-140]
- Griffiths v The Queen (1977) 137 CLR 293 [16-220]
H
- Haddad v Larcombe (1989) 42 A Crim R 139 [46-140]
- Hamilton; Re [2010] CLN 2 [40-000], [40-080]
- Hamilton v DPP [2020] NSWSC 1745 [28-160]
- Hanna v Kearney (unrep, 28/5/98, NSWSC) [28-140]
- Hanna v O’Shane [2003] NSWSC 1055 [4-040]
- Harmsworth v State Coroner [1989] VR 989 [44-020]
- Harris v A-G (Cth) (1994) 52 FCR 386 [46-100], [46-140]
- He v Sun [2021] NSWCA 95 [48-020]
- Helen; Re [2004] NSWLC 7 [40-100]
- Hijazi v DPP [2022] NSWSC 1218 [28-160]
- Hili v The Queen (2010) 242 CLR 520 [18-120]
- Holt v Hogan (No 1) (1993) 44 FCR 572 [46-120]
- HT v The Queen (2019) 269 CLR 403 [28-080], [44-100]
- Huang aka Liu v R [2018] NSWCCA 70 [18-080]
- Huynh v R (2021) 105 NSWLR 384 [52-060]
J
- Jahandideh v R [2014] NSWCCA 178 [16-300]
- Jayden; Re [2007] NSWCA 35 [40-020]
- John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v District Court of NSW (2004) 61 NSWLR 344 [44-100]
- John Fairfax Publications Pty Ltd v Ryde Local Court (2005) 62 NSWLR 512 [22-000]
- Johnston v DPP (NSW) [2021] NSWSC 333 [28-020]
- Jones v Booth [2019] NSWSC 1066 [30-060]
K
- Kainhofer v DPP (1994) 52 FCR 341 [46-100]
- Kakis v Republic of Cyprus [1978] 2 All ER 634 [46-160]
- KC v Sanger [2012] NSWSC 98 [58-020]
- Ke v R [2021] NSWCCA 177 [28-120]
- Keeley v Brooking (1979) 143 CLR 162 [48-000], [48-040]
- Kelly v Saadat-Talab (2008) 72 NSWLR 305 [18-140]
- Kenneally v New Zealand (1999) 91 FCR 292 [46-160]
- Kennedy v DPP (1997) 94 A Crim R 341 [28-140]
- Kerr v Commissioner of Police (NSW) [2001] NSWSC 637 [58-000]
- Kestle v Director, DFaCS [2012] NSWChC 2 [40-160]
- Kindermann v JQ [2020] NSWSC 1268 [38-020], [58-000]
- Kojima Australia Pty Ltd v Australian Chinese Newspapers Pty Ltd [2000] NSWSC 1153 [32-080]
- KT v R [2008] NSWCCA 51 [38-000]
- Kunnath v The State [1993] 4 All ER 30 [14-040]
L
- L v Lyons (2002) 56 NSWLR 600 [58-020]
- Landrey v DPP (2022) 110 NSWLR 127 [28-120]
- Latoudis v Casey (1990) 170 CLR 534 [56-040], [56-120]
- Lawler v DPP (2002) 56 NSWLR 1 [28-140]
- Leonard; Re [2009] CLN 2 [40-080]
- Lewis v Ogden (1984) 153 CLR 682 [48-140]
- Liam; Re [2005] NSWSC 75 [40-100]
- Likiardopoulos v The Queen (2012) 247 CLR 265 [30-160]
- Losurdo v DPP (unrep, 10/3/98, NSWSC) [28-140]
- Lutz v JK [2016] ACTSC 200 [4-040]
- LZ v FACS [2017] NSWDC 414 [40-040], [40-100]
M
- M v M (1988) 166 CLR 69 [40-000]
- M v The Queen (1994) 181 CLR 487 [38-020]
- M (No 5) — BM v Director-General, DFaCS; Re [2013] NSWCA 253 [40-080], [40-100]
- M (No 6); Re [2016] NSWSC 170 [40-160]
- Maksimovich v Walsh (1985) 4 NSWLR 318 [44-100], [44-120]
- March v E & MH Stramere Pty Ltd (1991) 171 CLR 506 [44-180]
- Mary; Re [2014] NSWChC 7 [40-020], [40-160]
- Maxwell v The Queen (1996) 184 CLR 501 [16-360]
- May v O’Sullivan (1955) 92 CLR 654 [16-020]
- McDade v United Kingdom [1999] FCA 1868 [46-140]
- McGuiness v AG (Vic) (1940) 63 CLR 73 [44-100]
- McKellar v DPP (2014) 240 A Crim R 285 [52-020]
- McKirdy v McCosker [2002] NSWSC 197 [28-140]
- McNab v DPP (NSW) (2021) 106 NSWLR 430 [28-140]
- Miller v DPP (2004) 145 A Crim R 95 [52-020]
- Minister of Justice, Ex p; Re Malcolm [1965] NSWR 1598 [44-020]
- Mirror Newspapers v Waller (1985) 1 NSWLR 1 [44-100]
- Moloney and Garchow v New Zealand (2006) 235 ALR 159 [46-160]
- Morgan v District Court of NSW (2017) 94 NSWLR 463 [18-060]
- Moukhallaletti v DPP (NSW) [2016] NSWCCA 314 [20-300]
- Murphy v DPP [2006] NSWSC 965 [28-140]
- Murray v Hay [2000] NSWSC 190 [32-080]
- Musumeci v AG (NSW) (2003) 57 NSWLR 193 [44-080], [44-100]
N
- Narain v DPP (1987) 70 ALR 697 [46-160]
- New Zealand v Garchow, Lebler, Moloney [2005] NSWLC 25 [46-160]
- New Zealand v Moloney and Garchow (2006) 154 FCR 250 [46-160]
- New Zealand v Venkataya (1995) 57 FCR 151 [46-160]
- NSW Crime Commission v Fleming (1991) 24 NSWLR 116 [36-100]
- NSW Crime Commission v Pettit [2021] NSWSC 980 [36-020], [36-080]
- NSW Crime Commission v Younan (1993) 31 NSWLR 44 [36-100]
P
- Pasini v United Mexican States (2002) 209 CLR 246 [46-100], [46-120]
- Park v The Queen (2021) 273 CLR 303 SPO Introduction, [16-440]
- Park v R [2020] NSWCCA 90 SPO Introduction, [16-440]
- Pearce v R [2022] NSWCCA 68 [2-000]
- Peniche v Vanstone (1999) 96 FCR 38 [46-120]
- Perry v Nash (1980) 32 ALR 177 [18-060]
- Police v JW [2007] NSWLC 30 [58-020]
- Principal Registrar of Supreme Court of NSW v Tran (2006) 166 A Crim R 393 [48-140]
- Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of NSW v Chan (No 23) [2017] NSWSC 535 [48-060]
- Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of NSW v Dangerfield [2016] NSWCA 277 [48-060]
- Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of NSW v Hall [2008] NSWSC 994 [48-020], [48-140]
- Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of NSW v Patrick (a pseudonym) [2023] NSWSC 1077 [48-020]
- Prothonotary of the Supreme Court of NSW v Rakete (2011) 202 A Crim R 117 [48-020]
- Prott v Munro [2013] NSWCA 241 [58-040]
R
- R v Accused [1993] 1 NZLR 385 [46-160]
- R v Amenores [1980] 2 NSWLR 34 [18-300]
- R v Anunga (1976) 11 ALR 412 [14-040]
- R v BNS [2016] NSWSC 350 [20-420]
- R v Bolger (1989) 16 NSWLR 115 [36-080], [36-100]
- R v Cortez (unrep, 3/10/02, NSWSC) [38-020]
- R v Cousins (2002) 132 A Crim R 444 [16-360]
- R v Delcaro (1989) 41 A Crim R 33 [18-220]
- R v Doan (2000) 50 NSWLR 115 SPO Introduction, [16-440]
- R v Douar [2005] NSWCCA 455 [16-340]
- R v Edigarov (2001) 125 A Crim R 551 [38-120]
- R v Ellaz [2005] NSWCCA 350 [16-360]
- R v ET [2022] NSWSC 905 [20-300]
- R v FE [2013] NSWSC 1692 [38-020]
- R v Fidow [2004] NSWCCA 172 [16-360]
- R v G [2005] NSWCCA 291 [38-020]
- R v Galek (1993) 70 A Crim R 252 [36-100]
- R v Hadad (1989) 16 NSWLR 476 [36-020], [36-100]
- R v Hart [1999] NSWCCA 204 [18-220]
- R v Hawkins (1989) 45 A Crim R 430 [18-220]
- R v HW [2017] NSWLC 25 [30-060]
- R v Huynh [2005] NSWCCA 220 [16-260]
- R v JTB [2003] NSWCCA 295 [10-000]
- R v Kun [1916] 1 KB 337 [14-040]
- R v Kwok (2005) 64 NSWLR 335 [44-100]
- R v Lake (1989) 44 A Crim R 63 [36-080], [36-100]
- R v LM [2022] NSWSC 987 [20-300]
- R v McFarlane (unrep, 12/8/94, NSWSC) [56-060]
- R v Mercury [2019] NSWSC 81 [38-020]
- R v Naizmand [2016] NSWSC 836 [20-300]
- R v NK [2016] NSWSC 498 [20-300]
- R v Parsons [2002] NSWCCA 296 [16-360]
- R v Phung [2001] NSWSC 115 [38-020]
- R v Purdon (unrep, 27/3/97, NSWCCA) [18-220]
- R v Rahme (1989) 43 A Crim R 90 [16-300]
- R v RB [2024] NSWSC 471 [38-040]
- R v Simpson (2001) 53 NSWLR 704 [16-360]
- R v Sultana (1994) 74 A Crim R 27 [36-020], [36-100]
- R v T [2001] NSWCCA 210 [38-020]
- R v Thomson and Houlton (2000) 49 NSWLR 383 [16-380]
- R v Turnbull (unrep, 25/2/92, NSWCCA) [36-100]
- R v Weatherall [2023] NSWSC 710 [20-840]
- R v Weightman (unrep, 23/06/04, NSWSC) [36-100]
- R v Zamagias [2002] NSWCCA 17 [16-340]
- Rahardja v The Republic of Indonesia [2000] FCA 639 [46-120], [46-140]
- Rahardja v The Republic of Indonesia [2000] FCA 1297 [46-120], [46-140]
- Ramskogler v DPP (NSW) (1995) 82 A Crim R 128 [56-120]
- RC v Director-General, DFaCS [2014] NSWCA 38 [40-060]
- RCW v R (No 2) (2014) 244 A Crim R 541 [18-080]
- Retsos v R [2006] NSWCCA 85 [16-300]
- Rhett; Re [2008] CLN 1 [40-080]
- Rintel v R (1991) 3 WAR 527 [36-100]
- RJ v R (2010) 208 A Crim R 174 [10-000]
- Roads and Maritime Services v Farrell [2019] NSWSC 552 SPO
- RTA (NSW) v Care Park Pty Ltd [2012] NSWCA 35 [34-080]
- Roylance v DPP (NSW) [2018] NSWSC 933 [16-080]
- RP v Ellis [2011] NSWSC 442 [38-020]
- RP v The Queen (2016) 259 CLR 641 [38-020]
S
- S v Department of Community Services [2002] NSWCA 151 [40-160]
- S v The Queen (1989) 168 CLR 266 [46-160]
- Safework NSW v Williams Timber Pty Ltd [2021] NSWCCA 233 [56-020], [56-120]
- Sally; Re [2011] NSWSC 1696 [40-040]
- Samson v McInnes (1998) 89 FCR 52 [46-160]
- Saunders and Morgan v Department of Community Services; Re [2008] CLN 10 [40-080]
- SB v Parramatta Children’s Court [2007] NSWSC 1297 [40-060]
- Schoenmakers v DPP (1991) 30 FCR 70 [46-120]
- Secretary, DFaCS and the Harper Children [2016] NSWChC 3 [40-000]
- Secretary, DFaCS and the Knoll Children [2015] NSWChC 2 [40-120]
- Secretary, DFaCS and M [2015] NSWChC 1 [40-100]
- Secretary, DFaCS v Tanner [2017] NSWChC 1 [40-120]
- Selkirk v DPP [2020] NSWSC 1590 [52-040]
- Signorotto v Nicolson [1982] VR 413 [44-100]
- Sim v Magistrate Corbett [2006] NSWSC 665 [28-140]
- SM v Director-General, Department of Human Services and SG [2010] NSWDC 250 [40-100]
- Smith v R (1991) 25 NSWLR 1 [48-000], [48-080]
- Snedden v Republic of Croatia [2009] FCA 30 [46-100]
- Sophie; Re [2008] NSWCA 250 [40-040]
- Stanley v DPP [2023] HCA 3 [16-340]
- Stapleton v The Queen (1952) 86 CLR 358 [38-020]
- State of NSW v Roberson (2016) 338 ALR 166 [30-120]
- State of NSW v Talovic (2014) 87 NSWLR 512 [30-120]
- Stojanovski v Parevski [2004] NSWSC 1144 [32-140]
- Stoneham v DPP (NSW) [2021] NSWSC 735 [16-380]
T
- Tanya; Re [2016] NSWSC 794 [40-000], [40-080]
- Taylor v AG (SA) (1991) 53 A Crim R 166 [36-020], [36-080], [36-100]
- Terry v East Sussex Coroner [2002] QB 312 [44-080]
- Tez v Longley (2004) 142 A Crim R 122 [28-140]
- Tikomaimaleya v R (2017) 95 NSWLR 315 [10-060]
- Timothy; Re [2010] NSWSC 524 [40-160]
- The Queen v GW (2016) 258 CLR 108 [10-000]
- Tracey; Re (2011) 80 NSWLR 261 [40-000], [40-080]
- Transport for NSW v Chapoterera [2022] NSWSC 976 [4-040]
- Toner v Attorney General (NSW) (unrep, 19/11/91, NSWCA) [48-020]
- Tuxford v DPP [2023] NSWSC 1300 [20-160]
V
- Vasiljkovic v Commonwealth (2006) 227 CLR 614 [46-120]
- Victoria and Marcus; Re [2010] CLN 2 [40-000]
- Viney v Greaves (1987) 48 SASR 169 [18-180]
- Visser v Commissioner of Australian Federal Police (No 3) [2012] NSWSC 1387 [46-020]
- Vlahov v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1993) 26 ATR 49 [18-180]
- VV v District Court of NSW [2013] NSWCA 469 [40-060]
W
- Wainohu v NSW (2011) 243 CLR 181 [4-060]
- Walker v Bugden (2005) 155 A Crim R 416 [58-020]
- Wass v DPP (NSW) [2023] NSWCA 71 [22-220]
- Waterstone v R [2020] NSWCCA 117 [22-120]
- Wende v Finney t/as CBD Law [2005] NSWSC 927 [32-100]
- Williams v Minister for Justice and Customs (2007) 157 FCR 286 [46-120]
- Williams v R [2022] NSWCCA 15 [28-160]
- Williams v United States of America (2007) 161 FCR 220 [46-140]
- Winchester v R (1992) 58 A Crim R 345 [18-220]
- Witham v Holloway (1995) 183 CLR 525 [48-020]